XVII-XX century

In Russia, for a number of centuries worked many foreign artists , especially : Byzantine , Italian, German and French . Many Baroque buildings in St. Petersburg was designed by the Swiss artist Domenico Trezziniego . Other foreign artists working in Russia were Italians : Bartolomeo Rastrelli , Antonio Rinaldi , Giacomo Quarenghi and Carlo Rossi , French : Étienne Falconet , Jean- Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe and Jean -Baptiste Le Blond and Andreas Schlüter . Many of them decided to settle in Russia permanently and artists have been court-appointed czars . The most important monuments of this period are: the historical center of St. Petersburg and related facilities in the villages of Tsarskoye Selo , Peterhof, Pavlovsk , Strelna , Gatchina, Oranienbaum , Ropsza , Pulkovo, Szlisselburg , Kronsztadt (XVIII -XX centuries) - all on the List UNESCO World Heritage Site .
In 1757, opened the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg , which gave the painting to the Russian role and international status . The most eminent painters of portraits of the Academy were: Ivan Argunow , Fyodor Rokotow , Dmitry and Vladimir Lewicki Borowikowski . In the nineteenth century began to dominate realism , which greatly influenced the Russian identity . Russian landscape with vast rivers, virgin forests and birch groves with full vigor genre scenes and disasters, heroes became a symbol of Russianness . An important event in the history of painting was the establishment of the association pieriedwieżników (1870 ) , organizing mobile exhibitions in different regions of Russia. Members of the association were, among others Viktor Vasnetsov , Ilya Repin , Vasily Surikov , Ivan Kramskoj , Isaac Levitan and Ivan Shishkin .
The Russian avant-garde cover a range of phenomena and different directions within modernism that dominated Russian art in the years 1890-1932 . A special place occupied directions: art nouveau, neoprymitywizm , Constructivism , Suprematism , Futurism , kubofuturyzm and rajonizm . Representatives of the Russian avant-garde architecture were : Mikhail Eisenstein , Ivan Leonids , El Lissitzky , Vladimir Tatlin , Konstantin Melnikov , in painting and graphic Mikhail Vrubel , Alexander Benois , Vasily Kandinskij , Marc Chagall , Alexander Rodchenko , Kazimir Malevich , Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova . Neoprymitywiści Russian art group formed a jack diamonds (1909 ) and kubofuturyści donkey tail (1910 ) . Other major Russian architects include neoclassicals Matvei Cossacks and Vasily Bazhenov and structural engineering representative Vladimir Shukhov .The most important sculptors include: Vera Mukhina socrealiści and Yevgeny Wuczeticz , conceptualist and a representative of the soc -art ( Soviet variety of pop art ) Dmitry Zurab Tsereteli Prigow well .Many Russian artists odniosło successes abroad , including one of the founders of abstract art Vasily Kandinskij , Cubist and fowista Marc Chagall , Naum Gabo and sculptor . The most important Russian art museums include the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery , the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg and the Museum of Fine Arts . Pushkin in Moscow. The richest collections of works of primitive peoples have the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.

XIV-XVI century

Tatar raids hindered the development of art , but in the fourteenth century began to recover architecture of the entire North-East of Russia . During this period, resulting , inter alia, Daniłowski Monastery in Moscow (1300 ) - currently one of the residences of the Patriarchs of Moscow and All , Troickoe Lavra in Sergiev - Siergijewska Posada ( 1337/1345 ) , Monastery of Cyril and Biełozierski (1397 ) , Terapontowski Monastery near Vologda (1398 ) and the Solovetsky Monastery (1429 ) .As a result of the transfer of the seat of the Metropolitan of the Russian and the Grand Duke of Vladimir to Moscow ( 1325-1328 ), the city happened in the fourteenth century, a major center of art in Russia . Founded in 1147 the Moscow Kremlin in the years 1485 to 1495 developed , designed by Italian architects of the Renaissance Pietro Solari and Marco Ruffo . Among the most significant buildings in Moscow from this period include Red Square, Monastery Czudowski (1358) , Ascension Monastery (1389) , the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1326 , reconstruction 1475-1479 ) architect Aristotele'a Fioravantiego , and the Cathedral of the Annunciation ( XIV . , reconstruction 1484-1489 ) . In the years 1555-1560 the architects Barma and Postnik Yakovlev built St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square.Other important monuments are: the Monastery of St. . Euthymius in Suzdal ( the majority of the building of the sixteenth century), the Novodevichy Monastery in Moscow (1524 ) , Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye (1535 ) Kremlin in Kazan ( the majority of the building of the sixteenth century) and Pogost Kizhi on Lake Onega ( XVI . ) . This period is also associated with the work of painter Teofano Greek , Andrei Rublev and Prochorus of Gorodca . Moscow churches were often richly decorated with frescoes , among others, in the Council of the Annunciation in the Kremlin (1405) , and numerous icons . Under the influence of Andrei Rublev activities developed in the sixteenth century school stroganowska - the most outstanding school in the iconography of the Rus .

VIII-XIII century

The development of art Rus falls on the X - XI century, started the construction of numerous temples patterned on Byzantine , but bearing the original features of local , began the expansion of cities (eg Novgorod , Suzdal, Yaroslavl ) of claim - Kremlin , around which fit the city . In addition to wooden structures with strong influences of folk architecture erected a stately stone buildings . Among the most significant are: not survived to our times Dziesięcinna Orthodox church in Kiev ( 990-96 ) , St. Isaac's Cathedral . Sophia in Kiev (1037) , Novgorod Kremlin with the Council of St . Sofia (989 , conversion from 1045 to 1052 ) and the council of the Transfiguration in Chernihiv (XI century). In the twelfth century, was formed several distinct schools of architecture and painting , of which leadership was ranked school Nowogrodzka . In this period created a richly frescoed churches of Novgorod : the Annunciation (1180 ), St. . George ( 1180) and the Spas- Nieriedica (1198) . Other schools - Pskov and włodzimiersko - suzdalska - initiated the construction of buildings of white stone , inscribed harmoniously into the landscape . For the most magnificent buildings of this kind are: the Church of St. . St . Boris and Gleb in Kidekszy (1152) , the Council of Spaso - lifeguard in Peresławie Zaleski (1152) , a council of the Dormition of the Mother of God ( 1158-1189 ) , Golden Gate ( 1158-1164 ) and the cathedral of St. . Dmitri ( 1194-1197 ) in Vladimir, prince Andrew Castle Bogolubskiego ( 1158-1165 ) and the Church of the Protection of the Mother of God on Nerli (1165) in Bogolubowie , Suzdal Kremlin with the council of the Nativity of Our Lady ( 1222-1225 , rebuilt in the sixteenth century) and the cathedral of St. . George in Juriewie - Polish ( 1230-1234 ) .